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Accurate estimation of microscopic magnetic field variations induced inbiological tissue can be valuable for mapping tissue composition in health anddisease. Here, we present an extension to Quantitative susceptibility mapping(QSM) to account for local white matter (WM) magnetic microstructure by usingour previously presented model for solid cylinders with arbitrary orientationsto describe axons in terms of concentric cylinders. Through computersimulations, we find that our model improves susceptibility estimation comparedto QSM, and Susceptibility Tensor Imaging (STI) are substantially biased by theunaccounted-for structural anisotropy due to the mesoscopic frequencycontribution, indicating the observed STI tensor might not representsusceptibility anisotropy as expected. Experiments in mouse brains acquired atultrahigh field shows the mesoscopic contribution due to WM microstructure tobe substantial. This in turn changed estimated susceptibility values up to 25%root-mean-squared-difference in WM compared to standard QSM. Our workunderscores how microstructural field effects impact susceptibility estimates,and should not be neglected when imaging anisotropic tissue such as brain WM.

Incorporating the effect of white matter microstructure in the estimation of magnetic susceptibility in ex-vivo mouse brain