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Penetration of cellphones into markets requires their robust operation intime-varying radio environments, especially for millimeter-wave communications.Hands and fingers of a human cause significant changes in the physicalenvironments of cellphones, which influence the communication qualities to alarge extent. In this paper, electromagnetic models of real hands and cellphoneantennas are developed, and their efficacy is verified through measurements forthe first time in the literature. Referential cellphone antenna arrays at $28$and $39$~GHz are designed. Their radiation properties are evaluated throughnear-field scanning of the two prototypes, first in free space for calibrationof the antenna measurement system and for building simplified models of thecellphone arrays. Next, radiation measurements are set up with real hands sothat they are compared with electromagnetic simulations of the interactionbetween hands and simplified models of the arrays. The comparison showed aclose agreement in terms of spherical coverage, indicating the efficacy of thehand and antenna array models along with the measurement approach. Therepeatability of the measurements is $0.5$~dB difference in terms of cumulativedistributions of the spherical coverage at the median level.

Impacts of Real Hands on 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellphone Antennas: Measurements and Electromagnetic Models