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In the era of Extremely Large Telescopes, the current generation of 8-10mfacilities are likely to remain competitive at ground-UV wavelengths for theforeseeable future. The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) hasbeen designed to provide high-efficiency (>40%) observations in the near UV(305-400 nm requirement, 300-420 nm goal) at a spectral resolving power ofR>20,000 (with a lower-resolution, sky-limited mode of R ~ 7,000). With thedesign focusing on maximizing the instrument throughput (ensuring a Signal toNoise Ratio (SNR) ~20 per high-resolution element at 313 nm for U ~18.5 magobjects in 1h of observations), it will offer new possibilities in many fieldsof astrophysics, providing access to key lines of stellar spectra: a tremendousdiversity of iron-peak and heavy elements, lighter elements (in particularBeryllium) and light-element molecules (CO, CN, OH), as well as Balmer linesand the Balmer jump (particularly important for young stellar objects). The UVrange is also critical in extragalactic studies: the circumgalactic medium ofdistant galaxies, the contribution of different types of sources to the cosmicUV background, the measurement of H2 and primordial Deuterium in a regime ofrelatively transparent intergalactic medium, and follow-up of explosivetransients. The CUBES project completed a Phase A conceptual design in June2021 and has now entered the detailed design and construction phase. Firstscience operations are planned for 2028.

CUBES, the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph