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Dense arrays can facilitate the integration of multiple antennas into finitevolumes. In addition to the compact size, sub-wavelength spacing enablessuperdirectivity for endfire operation, a phenomenon that has been mainlystudied for isotropic and infinitesimal radiators. In this work, we focus onlinear dipoles of arbitrary yet finite length. Specifically, we first introducean array model that accounts for the sinusoidal current distribution (SCD) onvery thin dipoles. Based on the SCD, the loss resistance of each dipole antennais precisely determined. Capitalizing on the derived model, we next investigatethe maximum achievable rate under a fixed power constraint. The optimal designentails conjugate power matching along with maximizing the array gain. Ourtheoretical analysis is corroborated by the method of moments under thethin-wire approximation, as well as by full-wave simulations. Numerical resultsshowcase that a super-gain is attainable with high radiation efficiency whenthe dipole antennas are not too short and thin.

Superdirective Arrays with Finite-Length Dipoles: Modeling and New Perspectives