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Microbial colonization of surfaces represents the first step towards biofilmformation, which is a recurring phenomenon in nature with beneficial anddetrimental implications in technological and medical settings. Consequently,there is a current interest in elucidating the fundamental aspects of theinitial stages of biofilm formation of microorganisms on solid surfaces. Whilemost of the research is oriented to understand bacterial surface colonization,such observations at a fundamental level using photosynthetic microalgae arethus far elusive. Recent single-cell studies showed that the flagellar adhesionof Chlamydomonas is switched on in blue light and switched off under red light[Kreis et al., Nature Physics, 2018, 14, 45-49]. Here, we study thislight-switchable surface association of C. reinhardtii on the population leveland measure the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of suspensions of motilecells on glass surfaces using bright field optical microscopy. We observe thatboth processes exhibit a response lag relative to the time at which the blue-and red-light conditions are set and model this feature using time-delayedLangmuir-type kinetics. We find that cell adsorption occurs significantlyfaster than desorption, which we attribute to the protein-mediated molecularadhesion mechanism of the cells. Adsorption experiments using phototacticallyblind Chlamydomonas mutants demonstrate that phototaxis does not affect thecell adsorption kinetics. Hence, this method can be used as an assay forcharacterizing the dynamics of the surface colonization of microbial speciesexhibiting light-regulated surface adhesion.

Light-regulated adsorption and desorption of Chlamydomonas cells at surfaces