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Precipitated by the technological innovations of the near-space platformstations (NSPS), the near space communication (NS-COM) network has emerged asan indispensable part of the next-generation space-air-ground integratednetwork (SAGIN) that facilitates ubiquitous coverage and broadband datatransfer. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NS-COM.Firstly, we investigate the differences between NS-COM and the existingterrestrial cellular networks as well as satellite-based andunmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV)-based communication networks, which is followedby a review of the NS-COM development. Then, we explore the uniquecharacteristics of NS-COM regarding the platforms and the propagationenvironment of the near space. The main issues of NS-COM are identified,resulted from the extremely long transmission distance, limitations of thecommunication payloads on NSPS and complex atmospheric constitution of the nearspace. Then various application scenarios of NS-COM are discussed, where thespecial technical requirements are also revealed, from the physical-layeraspect like transceiver design to the upper-layer aspect like computationaloffloading and NSPS placement. Furthermore, we investigate the co-existence ofNS-COM and ground networks by treating each other as interferers orcollaborators. Finally, we list several potential technologies for NS-COM fromthe perspective of spectrum usage, and highlight their technical challenges forfuture research.

Near Space Communications (NS-COM): A New Regime in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN)