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In recent decades, there has been an increase in polypharmacy, the concurrentadministration of multiple drugs per patient. Studies have shown thatpolypharmacy is linked to adverse patient outcomes and there is interest inelucidating the exact causes behind this observation. In this paper, we arestudying the relationship between drug prescriptions, drug-drug interactions(DDIs) and patient mortality. Our focus is not so much on the number ofprescribed drugs, the typical metric in polypharmacy research, but rather onthe specific combinations of drugs leading to a DDI. To learn the space ofreal-world drug combinations, we first assessed the drug prescription landscapeof the UK Biobank, a large patient data registry. We observed distinct drugconstellation patterns driven by the UK Biobank participants' disease status.We show that these drug prescription clusters matter in terms of the number andtypes of expected DDIs, and may possibly explain observed differences in healthoutcomes.

Drug prescription clusters in the UK Biobank: An assessment of drug-drug interactions and patient outcomes in a large patient cohort