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Despite a growing recognition of the importance of insurgent group structureon conflict outcomes, there is very little empirical research thereon. Thoughthis problem is rooted in the inaccessibility of data on militant groupstructure, insurgents frequently publish large volumes of image data on theinternet. In this paper, I develop a new methodology that leverages thisabundant but underutilized source of data by automating the creation of asocial network graph based on co-appearance in photographs using deep learning.Using a trove of 19,115 obituary images published online by the PKK, a Kurdishmilitant group in Turkey, I demonstrate that an individual's centrality in theresulting co-appearance network is closely correlated with their rank in theinsurgent group.

Insurgency as Complex Network: Image Co-Appearance and Hierarchy in the PKK