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The self-organization is one of the most interesting phenomena in thenon-equilibrium complex system, generating ordered structures of various sizeand duration. The physical mechanism and characteristics of theself-organization phenomena are closely related with the underlying transportmechanism and characteristics. In tokamak plasmas, globally self-organized minitransport barriers, the $E \times B$ staircase, are observed in the particulartransport regime where non-diffusive flux propagation events, the avalanche,are prevalent. Various models have been suggested to understand this globallyself-organized state of transport barriers and its relation with the avalanchetransport. While intensive simulation studies have been conducted to advancethe understanding, the experimental researches have been mostly limited to thedemonstration of their existence. In this work, detail characteristics of boththe avalanche transport and the $E \times B$ staircase in KSTAR plasmas areanalyzed. The avalanche transport is found to have strong influences on theformation and statistics of the $E \times B$ staircase. In addition, aperspective to consider the $E \times B$ staircase as the self-organizationnear an non-equilibrium critical state is discussed to understand its dynamicsand statistics and the relation with the stationary internal transport barrier.

The $E \times B$ staircase as the self-organization in the tokamak avalanche plasma