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Compared to other programming languages (e.g., Java), Python has more idiomsto make Python code concise and efficient. Although pythonic idioms are wellaccepted in the Python community, Python programmers are often faced with manychallenges in using them, for example, being unaware of certain pythonic idiomsor do not know how to use them properly. Based on an analysis of 7,638 Pythonrepositories on GitHub, we find that non-idiomatic Python code that can beimplemented with pythonic idioms occurs frequently and widely. Unfortunately,there is no tool for automatically refactoring such non-idiomatic code intoidiomatic code. In this paper, we design and implement an automatic refactoringtool to make Python code idiomatic. We identify nine pythonic idioms bysystematically contrasting the abstract syntax grammar of Python and Java. Thenwe define the syntactic patterns for detecting non-idiomatic code for eachpythonic idiom. Finally, we devise atomic AST-rewriting operations andrefactoring steps to refactor non-idiomatic code into idiomatic code. We testand review over 4,115 refactorings applied to 1,065 Python projects fromGitHub, and submit 90 pull requests for the 90 randomly sampled refactorings to84 projects. These evaluations confirm the high-accuracy, practicality andusefulness of our refactoring tool on real-world Python code. Our refactoringtool can be accessed at 47.242.131.128:5000.

Making Python Code Idiomatic by Automatic Refactoring Non-Idiomatic Python Code with Pythonic Idioms