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Micro-Phasor Measurement Units (u-PMUs) are devices that permit monitoringvoltage and current in the distribution grid with high accuracy, thus enablinga wide range of smart grid applications, such as state estimation, protectionand control. These devices need to transmit the synchronous measurements ofvoltage and current, also known as synchrophasors, to the power utility controlcenter at high rate. The use of wireless networks, such as LTE, to transmitsynchrophasor data is becoming increasingly popular. However, synchrophasorsare included in small frames and it would be more efficient to use low powercellular solutions, such as LTE cat-M. In this work, we present experimentalresearch on the deployment of a u-PMU with the ability to connect over acommercial LTE cat-M network. The deployed u-PMU is built with off-the-shelfhardware, such as Arduino microcontrollers, and is used to transmitdata-compliant with the IEEE C37.118.2 standard at a variable rate from 1frame/s to 80 frames/s. A detailed network performance analysis is carried outto show the suitability of LTE cat-M to support u-PMU communications.Experimental results on performance indicators, such as delay and jitter, arereported. The effect of the LTE cat-M access mechanism on the time distributionof frame arrivals is also thoroughly analyzed.

Experimental End-To-End Delay Analysis of LTE cat-M With High-Rate Synchrophasor Communications