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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and device-to-device (D2D) communicationare two promising technologies for improving transmission reliability betweentransceivers in communication systems. In this paper, we consider the design ofreliable communication between the access point (AP) and actuators for adownlink multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) system in the industrialIoT (IIoT) scenario. We propose a two-stage protocol combining IRS with D2Dcommunication so that all actuators can successfully receive the message fromAP within a given delay. The superiority of the protocol is that thecommunication reliability between AP and actuators is doubly augmented by theIRS-aided first-stage transmission and the second-stage D2D transmission. Ajoint optimization problem of active and passive beamforming is formulated,which aims to maximize the number of actuators with successful decoding. Westudy the joint beamforming problem for cases where the channel stateinformation (CSI) is perfect and imperfect. For each case, we develop efficientalgorithms that include convergence and complexity analysis. Simulation resultsdemonstrate the necessity and role of IRS with a well-optimized reflectionmatrix, and the D2D network in promoting reliable communication. Moreover, theproposed protocol can enable reliable communication even in the presence ofstringent latency requirements and CSI estimation errors.

Robust Beamforming Design for IRS-Aided URLLC in D2D Networks