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The brain's structural connectome supports signal propagation betweenneuronal elements, shaping diverse coactivation patterns that can be capturedas functional connectivity. While the link between structure and functionremains an ongoing challenge, the prevailing hypothesis is that thestructure-function relationship may itself be gradually decoupled along amacroscale functional gradient spanning unimodal to transmodal regions.However, this hypothesis is strongly constrained by the underlying models whichmay neglect requisite signaling mechanisms. Here, we transform the structuralconnectome into a set of orthogonal eigenmodes governing frequency-specificdiffusion patterns and show that regional structure-function relationships varymarkedly under different signaling mechanisms. Specifically, low-frequencyeigenmodes, which are considered sufficient to capture the essence of thefunctional network, contribute little to functional connectivity reconstructionin transmodal regions, resulting in structure-function decoupling along theunimodal-transmodal gradient. In contrast, high-frequency eigenmodes, which areusually on the periphery of attention due to their association with noisy andrandom dynamical patterns, contribute significantly to functional connectivityprediction in transmodal regions, inducing gradually convergentstructure-function relationships from unimodal to transmodal regions. Althoughthe information in high-frequency eigenmodes is weak and scattered, iteffectively enhances the structure-function correspondence by 35% in unimodalregions and 56% in transmodal regions. Altogether, our findings suggest thatthe structure-function divergence in transmodal areas may not be an intrinsicproperty of brain organization, but can be narrowed through multiplexed andregionally specialized signaling mechanisms.

Enhanced brain structure-function tethering in transmodal cortex revealed by high-frequency eigenmodes