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Quantum chromodynamics - the theory of quarks and gluons - has been known fordecades, but it is yet to be fully understood. A recent example is theprediction and experimental discovery of tetraquarks, that opened a newresearch field. Crucially, numerous unsolved questions of the standard modelcan exclusively be addressed by nonperturbative calculations. Quantum computerscan solve problems for which well established QCD methods are inapplicable,such as real-time evolution. We take a key step in exploring this possibilityby performing a real-time evolution of tetraquark and pentaquark physics inone-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory on a superconducting quantum computer. Ourexperiment represents a first quantum computation involving quarks with threecolour degrees of freedom, i.e. with the gauge group of QCD.

Simulating one-dimensional quantum chromodynamics on a quantum computer: Real-time evolutions of tetra- and pentaquarks