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This letter studies the energy-efficient design in a downlink multi-antennamulti-user system consisting of a multi-antenna base station (BS) and multiplesingle-antenna users, by considering the practical non-linear power amplifier(PA) efficiency and the on-off power consumption of radio frequency (RF) chainat each transmit antenna. Under this setup, we jointly optimize the transmitbeamforming and antenna on/off selection at the BS to minimize its total powerconsumption while ensuring the individual signal-to-interference-plus-noiseratio (SINR) constraints at the users. However, due to the non-linear PAefficiency and the on-off RF chain power consumption, the formulatedSINR-constrained power minimization problem is highly non-convex and difficultto solve. To tackle this issue, we propose an efficient algorithm to obtain ahigh-quality solution based on the technique of sequential convex approximation(SCA). We provide numerical results to validate the performance of our proposeddesign. It is shown that at the optimized solution, the BS tends to activatefewer antennas and use higher power transmission at each antenna to exploit thenon-linear PA efficiency.

Energy-Efficient Transmit Beamforming and Antenna Selection with Non-Linear PA Efficiency