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Landau-Zener (LZ) tunneling, describing transitions in a two-level systemduring a sweep through an anti-crossing, is a model applicable to a wide rangeof physical phenomena, such as atomic collisions, chemical reactions, andmolecular magnets, and has been extensively studied theoretically andexperimentally. Dissipation due to coupling between the system and environmentis an important factor in determining the transition rates. Here we reportexperimental results on the dissipative LZ transition. Using a tunablesuperconducting flux qubit, we observe for the first time the crossover fromweak to strong coupling to the environment. The weak coupling limit correspondsto small system-environment coupling and leads to environment-inducedthermalization. In the strong coupling limit, environmental excitations dressthe system and transitions occur between the dressed states. Our resultsconfirm previous theoretical studies of dissipative LZ tunneling in the weakand strong coupling limits. Our results for the intermediate regime are noveland could stimulate further theoretical development of open system dynamics.This work provides insight into the role of open system effects on quantumannealing, which employs quantum tunneling to search for low-energy solutionsto hard computational problems.

Dissipative Landau-Zener tunneling: crossover from weak to strong environment coupling