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The recent emergence of multi-species multi-phase materials providesintriguing opportunities to maximize electrochemical performance in variouselectrochemical devices. This work summarizes the current understanding of thecoupled transport reactions in multi-phase multi-species ionic conductors. Wealso provide experimental results of the fabrication of multi-phasesNa-beta"-alumina+20mol% Scandia Doped Ceria(20SDC) as simultaneous sodium andoxygen ion conductor by a cost-effective vapor phase process demonstratinghigher conductivity achieved in a much shorter time than other publishedresults. In this study, two-phase contiguous composites of Al2O3+20SDC arefabricated by conventional ceramic processing and sintering in the air at 1400C1500C, and 1600C, for 3 hours. The samples are heat-treated while exposed to asodium oxide vapor source at different time lengths. The conversion mechanisminvolves coupled transport of sodium ions through newly formed Na-beta"-aluminaand oxygen ions through 20SDC. The experimental data are analyzed usingdiffraction and spectroscopy methods. The samples with finer grains show fasterkinetics compared to coarse microstructures due to the presence of moreextended triple-phase boundaries (TPB). As a result, the total conductivity ofthe multi-phase sample compared to that of pure 20SDC is improved by threetimes, while fabrication time is decreased by 60% compared toNa-beta"-alumina+YSZ.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of Multi-Phase, Multi-Species Ion Conductor Sodium beta"-Alumina (BASE) + 20SDC Using a Vapor-Phase Process