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Blockchain technologies are one possible avenue for increasing the resilienceof the Smart Grid, by decentralizing the monitoring and control of system-levelobjectives such as voltage stability protection. They furthermore offerbenefits in data immutability and traceability, as blockchains arecryptographically secured. However, the performance of blockchain-based systemsin real-time grid monitoring and control has never been empirically tested.This study proposes implementing a decentralized voltage stability algorithmusing blockchain-based smart contracts, as a testbed for evaluating theperformance of blockchains in real-time control. We furthermore investigatesharding mechanisms as a means of improving the system's scalability with fixedcomputing resources. We implement our models as a proof-of-concept prototypesystem using Hyperledger Fabric as our blockchain platform, the Matpowerlibrary in MATLAB as our power system simulator, and Hyperledger Caliper as ourperformance evaluation tool. We found that sharding does indeed lead to asubstantial improvement in system scalability for this domain, measured by bothtransaction success rates and transaction latency.

A Scalable Blockchain-based Smart Contract Model for Decentralized Voltage Stability Using Sharding Technique