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The present study performs a numerical simulation of the interference andheat transfer between hairpin vortices formed in wakes behind staggered hillsin a laminar boundary layer. Hairpin vortices are periodically shed in the wakeof a row of hills, causing interference between the hairpin vortices. As thespanwise distance between the hills decreases, interference increases and thehairpin vortices become strong. At that time, because the interference betweenthe legs of the hairpin vortex and the Q2 ejection becomes strong, the head ofeach hairpin vortex rises sharply. When the hill spacing decreases, theturbulence caused by the head and both legs of the hairpin vortex generatedfrom a hill in the second row increases remarkably. In addition, the secondaryvortex also generates turbulence. The hairpin vortex and the secondary vortexare attracted to adjacent hairpin vortices, causing widespread high turbulencein the spanwise direction near the wall surface. Regardless of the hillspacing, Q2 ejection and Q4 sweep due to the hairpin vortex occur, and thesecondary vortex forms around the hairpin vortex, activating heat transport andincreasing the heat transfer coefficient in the wake. When the hill spacingbecomes narrower, the interference between the hairpin vortices strengthens thelegs of each hairpin vortex and secondary vortex, and heat transport near thewall surface becomes very active. The heat transfer increases over a wide rangeof the wake because the legs of hairpin vortices flowing downstream are spreadin the spanwise direction.

Interference and heat transfer between hairpin vortices in wakes behind staggered hills