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Some models such as the Nebula-Relay hypothesis, predict that the ancestorsof Earth's life once lived in molecular clouds. Where does the energy come fromfor creatures in molecular clouds? In this draft, we proposed a newbioenergetic mechanism that is driven by the cosmic ray ionization of hydrogenmolecules. Protons are naturally produced in this scenario, which may be theorigin of chemiosmosis. Based on this bioenergetics mechanism, we speculatethat LUCA is one type of biological hydrogen microbe.

Cosmic ray-driven bioenergetics for Life in Molecular Clouds and the Origin of Chemiosmosis