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Objective: We developed a hybrid volume surface integral equation (VSIE)method based on domain decomposition to perform fast and accurate magneticresonance imaging (MRI) simulations that include both remote and localconductive elements. Methods: We separated the conductive surfaces present inMRI setups into two domains and optimized electromagnetic (EM) modeling foreach case. Specifically, interactions between the body and EM waves originatingfrom local radiofrequency (RF) coils were modeled with the precorrected fastFourier transform, whereas the interactions with remote conductive surfaces (RFshield, scanner bore) were modeled with a novel cross tensor train-basedalgorithm. We compared the hybrid- VSIE with other VSIE methods for realisticMRI simulation setups. Results: The hybrid-VSIE was the only practical methodfor simulation using 1 mm voxel isotropic resolution (VIR). For 2 mm VIR, ourmethod could be solved at least 23 times faster and required 760 times lowermemory than traditional VSIE methods. Conclusion: The hybrid-VSIE demonstrateda marked improvement in terms of convergence times of the numerical EMsimulation compared to traditional approaches in multiple realistic MRIscenarios. Significance: The efficiency of the novel hybrid-VSIE method couldenable rapid simulations of complex and comprehensive MRI setups.

A hybrid volume-surface integral equation method for rapid electromagnetic simulations in MRI