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The main purpose of this work is to find the causes of the break of thecosmic ray spectrum at an energy of 3 PeV, which is called the knee. Thesolution of the problem is associated with the determination of the nuclearcomposition of cosmic rays in the knee area. The conclusions of this work arebased on the analysis of the characteristics of the EAS cores obtained usingX-ray emulsion chambers. According to these data, a number of anomalous effectsare observed in the knee region, such as scaling violation in the spectra ofsecondary hadrons, an excess of muons in EAS with gamma families and others. Atthe same energies equivalent to 1-100 PeV the laboratory system colliders showscaling behavior. So analysis of the data on the EAS cores suggests that theknee in their spectrum is formed by a component of cosmic rays of a non-nuclearnature, possibly consisting of stable (quasi-stable) particles of hypotheticalstrange quark matter, which named strangelets. This is the only model of theknee compatible with the magnetic rigidity of the nuclear spectra break R=100TV. In fact, stranglets are stable heavy quasi-nuclei with a positive electriccharge of Z=30-1000, so the mechanism of their acceleration coincides with thenuclear one. The break of the cosmic ray spectrum can be associated with asignificantly larger mass of strangelets compared to nuclei.

The composition of cosmic rays according to the data on EAS cores