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One route to create tunable metamaterials is through integration with"on-demand" dynamic quantum materials, such as vanadium dioxide (VO2). Thisenables new modalities to create high performance devices for historicallychallenging applications. Indeed, dynamic materials have often been integratedwith metamaterials to imbue artificial structures with some degree oftunability. Conversely, metamaterials can be used to enhance and extend thenatural tuning range of dynamic materials. Utilizing a complementary split ringresonator array deposited on a VO2 film, we demonstrate enhanced terahertztransmission modulation upon traversing the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT)at ~340 K. Our complementary metamaterial increases the modulation amplitude ofthe original VO2 film from 42% to 68.3% at 0.47 THz upon crossing the IMT,corresponding to an enhancement of 62.4%. Moreover, temperature dependenttransmission measurements reveal a redshift of the resonant frequency arisingfrom a giant increase of the permittivity of the VO2 film. Maxwell-Garnetteffective medium theory was employed to explain the permittivity change upontransitioning through the IMT. Our results highlight that symbiotic integrationof metamaterial arrays with quantum materials provides a powerful approach toengineer emergent functionality.

Complementary Vanadium Dioxide Metamaterials with Enhanced Modulation Amplitude at Terahertz Frequencies