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Among the recent advances and innovations in wireless technologies,reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received much attention and areenvisioned to be one of the enabling technologies for beyond 5G (B5G) networks.On the other hand, active (or classical) cooperative relays have played a keyrole in providing reliable and power-efficient communications in previouswireless generations. In this article, we focus on hybrid network architecturesthat amalgamate both active relays and RISs. The operation concept andprotocols of each technology are first discussed. Subsequently, we presentmultiple use cases of cooperative hybrid networks where both active relays andRISs can coexist harmoniously for enhanced rate performance. Furthermore, acase study is provided which demonstrates the achievable rate performance of acommunication network assisted by either an active relay, an RIS, or both, andwith different relaying protocols. Finally, we provide the reader with thechallenges and key research directions in this area.

Cooperative Hybrid Networks with Active Relays and RISs for B5G: Applications, Challenges, and Research Directions