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Macroscopic and microscopic properties of dense granular layers flowing downinclined planes are obtained from Discrete-Element-Method simulations for bothfrictionless and frictional grains. Three fundamental observations for densegranular flows are recovered, namely the occurrence of a critical stress, theBagnold velocity profile, as well as well-defined friction and dilatancy laws.The microscopic aspects of the grain motion highlight the formation oftransient clusters. From this microscopic picture, we derive a theoreticalscaling model without any empirical input that explains quantitatively thefundamental laws of dense granular flows in incline plane and shear geometries.The adequacy between the model and the observed results suggests that granularflows can be viewed as flows from thermal fluids of hard spheres.

Microscopic foundation of the $\mu$(I) rheology for dense granular flows on inclined planes