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In this paper, we develop a hybrid multiple access (MA) protocol for anintelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided uplink transmission network byincorporating the IRS-aided time-division MA (I-TDMA) protocol and theIRS-aided non-orthogonal MA (I-NOMA) protocol as special cases. Two typicalcommunication scenarios, namely the transmit power limited case and thetransmit energy limited case are considered, where the device's rearrangedorder, time and power allocation, as well as dynamic IRS beamforming patternsover time are jointly optimized to minimize the sum transmission delay. To shedlight on the superiority of the proposed IRS-aided hybrid MA (I-HMA) protocolover conventional protocols, the conditions under which I-HMA outperformsI-TDMA and I-NOMA are revealed by characterizing their corresponding optimalsolution. Then, a computationally efficient algorithm is proposed to obtain thehigh-quality solution to the corresponding optimization problems. Simulationresults validate our theoretical findings, demonstrate the superiority of theproposed design, and draw some useful insights. Specifically, it is found thatthe proposed protocol can significantly reduce the sum transmission delay bycombining the additional gain of dynamic IRS beamforming with the high spectralefficiency of NOMA, which thus reveals that integrating IRS into the proposedHMA protocol is an effective solution for delay-aware optimization.Furthermore, it reveals that the proposed design reduces the time consumptionnot only from the system-centric view, but also from the device-centric view.

Delay-aware Multiple Access Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Uplink Transmission