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High-gradient and high-efficiency acceleration in plasma-based acceleratorshas been demonstrated, showing its potential as the building block for a futurecollider operating at the energy frontier of particle physics. However,generating and accelerating the required spin-polarized beams in such acollider using plasma-based accelerators has been a long-standing challenge.Here we show that the passage of a highly relativistic, high-current electronbeam through a single-species (ytterbium) vapor excites a nonlinear plasma wakeby primarily ionizing the two outer 6s electrons. Further photoionization ofthe resultant Yb2+ ions by a circularly polarized laser injects the 4f14electrons into this wake generating a highly spin-polarized beam. Combiningtime-dependent Schrodinger equation simulations with particle-in-cellsimulations, we show that a sub-femtosecond, high-current (4 kA) electron beamwith up to 56% net spin polarization can be generated and accelerated to 15 GeVin just 41 cm. This relatively simple scheme solves the perplexing problem ofproducing spin-polarized relativistic electrons in plasma-based accelerators.

Highly spin-polarized multi-GeV electron beams generated by single-species plasma photocathodes