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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a cost-effective andenergy-efficient technique for 6G. By adjusting the phase shifts of passivereflecting elements, RIS is capable of suppressing the interference andcombining the desired signals constructively at receivers, therebysignificantly enhancing the performance of communication system. In this paper,we consider a green multi-user multi-antenna cellular network, where multipleRISs are deployed to provide energy-efficient communication service to endusers. We jointly optimize the phase shifts of RISs, beamforming of the basestations, and the active RIS set with the aim of minimizing the powerconsumption of the base station (BS) and RISs subject to the quality of service(QoS) constraints of users and the transmit power constraint of the BS.However, the problem is mixed combinatorial and non-convex, and there is apotential infeasibility issue when the QoS constraints cannot be guaranteed byall users. To deal with the infeasibility issue, we further investigate a useradmission control problem to jointly optimize the transmit beamforming, RISphase shifts, and the admitted user set. Specifically, we first decompose theoriginal non-convex problem into several rank-one constrained optimizationsubproblems via matrix lifting. A difference-of-convex (DC) algorithm is thendeveloped to solve each decomposed subproblem. The proposed AO frameworkefficiently minimizes the power consumption of wireless networks as well asuser admission control when the QoS constraints cannot be guaranteed by allusers. To further address the complexity-sensitive issue for practicalimplementation, we propose an alternative low-complexity beamforming and RISsphase shifts design algorithm based on zero-forcing (ZF) to enable the greencellular networks.

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Empowered Green Wireless Networks with User Admission Control