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This paper addresses a drawback of massive multiple-input multiple-outputMaximum Ratio Transmission beamforming. In some propagation conditions, whenthe base station serves the same target user equipment for a long period, itreduces the transmit power (and degrades the received power) to avoid creatinghigh exposure regions located in the vicinity of the antenna and concentratedin few directions (corresponding to the best propagation paths between theantenna and the receiver). In this paper, we propose a novel electromagneticfield aware beamforming scheme, which (i) spreads the beamforming radiationpattern in the angular domain by adding artificial propagation paths thanks toreconfigurable intelligent surfaces, (ii) truncates the pattern in strongdirections, and (iii) boosts it in weak directions. Compared to existingsolutions, it maximizes the received power. However, it also consumes morepower. Finally, truncation alone is the best trade-off between received powerand energy efficiency, under exposure constrain.

A Novel RIS-Aided EMF-Aware Beamforming Using Directional Spreading, Truncation and Boosting