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Cyber security risk assessments provide a pivotal starting point towards theunderstanding of existing risk exposure, through which suitable mitigationstrategies can be formed. Where risk is viewed as a product of threat,vulnerability, and impact, understanding each element is of equal importance.This can be a challenge in Industrial Control System (ICS) environments, whereadopted technologies are typically not only bespoke, but interact directly withthe physical world. To date, existing vulnerability identification has focusedon traditional vulnerability categories. While this provides risk assessorswith a baseline understanding, and the ability to hypothesize on potentialresulting impacts, it is high level, operating at a level of abstraction thatwould be viewed as incomplete within a traditional information system context.The work presented in this paper takes the understanding of ICS devicevulnerabilities one step further. It offers a tool, PLC-VBS, that helpsidentify Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) vulnerabilities, specificallywithin logic used to monitor, control, and automate operational processes.PLC-VBS gives risk assessors a more coherent picture about the potential impactshould the identified vulnerabilities be exploited; this applies specificallyto operational process elements.

Walking Under the Ladder Logic: PLC-VBS, a PLC Control Logic Vulnerability Discovery Tool