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Metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have demonstrated excellentoptoelectronic properties for light-emitting applications. Isovalent dopingwith various metals (M2+) can be used to tailor and enhance their lightemission. Although crucial to maximize performance, an understanding of theuniversal working mechanism for such doping is still missing. Here, we directlycompare the optical properties of nanocrystals containing the most commonlyemployed dopants, fabricated under identical synthesis conditions. We show forthe first time unambiguously and supported by first principles calculations andmolecular orbital theory that element-unspecific symmetry-breaking rather thanelement-specific electronic effects dominate these properties underdevice-relevant conditions. The impact of most dopants on the perovskiteelectronic structure is predominantly based on local lattice periodicitybreaking and resulting charge carrier localization, leading to enhancedradiative recombination, while dopant-specific hybridization effects play asecondary role. Our results suggest specific guidelines for selecting a dopantto maximize the performance of perovskite emitters in the desiredoptoelectronic devices.

Universal mechanism of luminescence enhancement in doped perovskite nanocrystals from symmetry analysis