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Agrivoltaics (AV) is a dual land-use approach to collocate solar energygeneration with agriculture for preserving the terrestrial ecosystem andenabling food-energy-water synergies. Here, we present a systematic approach tomodel the economic performance of AV relative to standalone ground-mounted PV(GMPV) and explore how the module design configuration can affect the dualfood-energy economic performance. A remarkably simple criterion for economicfeasibility is quantified that relates the land preservation cost to dualfood-energy profit. We explore case studies including both high and low valuecrops under fixed tilt bifacial modules oriented either along the conventionalNorth/South (N/S) facings or vertical East/West (E/W) facings. For each moduleconfiguration, the array density is varied to explore an economically feasibledesign space relative to GMPV for a range of module to land cost ratio (M_L) -a location-specific indicator relating the module technology (hardware andinstallation) costs to the soft (land acquisition, tax, overheads, etc.) costs.To offset a typically higher AV module cost needed to preserve the cropland,both E/W and N/S orientated modules favor high value crops, reduced (<60%)module density, and higher M_L (>25). In contrast, higher module density and anincreased feed-in-tariff (FIT) relative to GMPV are desirable at lower M_L. Theeconomic trends vary sharply for M_L< 10 but tend to saturate for M_L> 20. Forlow value crops, ~15% additional FIT can enable economic equivalence to GMPV atstandard module density. The proposed modeling framework can provide a valuabletool for AV stakeholders to assess, predict, and optimize the techno-economicdesign for AV

Techno Economic Modeling for Agrivoltaics: Can Agrivoltaics be more profitable than Ground mounted PV?