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The outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of integrated circuits hasraised severe concerns about the piracy of Intellectual Properties and illegaloverproduction. Logic locking has emerged as an obfuscation technique toprotect outsourced chip designs, where the circuit netlist is locked and canonly be functional once a secure key is programmed. However, BooleanSatisfiability-based attacks have shown to break logic locking, simultaneouslymotivating researchers to develop more secure countermeasures. In this paper,we present a novel fault injection attack to break any locking technique thatrelies on a stored secret key, and denote this attack as AFIA, ATPG-guidedFault Injection Attack. The proposed attack is based on sensitizing a key bitto the primary output while injecting faults at a few other key lines thatblock the propagation of the targeted key bit. AIFA is very effective indetermining a key bit as there exists a stuck-at fault pattern that detects astuck-at 1 (or stuck-at 0) fault at any key line. The average complexity ofnumber of injected faults for AFIA is linear with the key size and requiresonly |K| test patterns to determine a secret key, K. AFIA requires a fewernumber of injected faults to sensitize a bit to the primary output, compared to2|K|-1 faults for the differential fault analysis attack [26].

AFIA: ATPG-Guided Fault Injection Attack on Secure Logic Locking