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High-spatial-resolution vibrational spectroscopy is one of the principaltechniques for nanoscale compositional analysis in biological materials. Here,we present a new method for the analysis of whole-cell biological specimensthrough nanoscale vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in themonochromated scanning transmission electron microscope. Using the combinedspatial and spectral resolution of the technique, we examine the vascularsystem of a cucumber stem and identify clear physical and vibrationalsignatures from the different cellular regions with high spatial resolution.Furthermore, using first-principles calculations combined with optical and EELSspectroscopy on the individual components that make up the cucumber stem, weunravel the physical mechanisms of the vibrational signatures and directlyassign compositional origins to the cell walls and bodies of different cellularregions. These results demonstrate that monochromated electron energy-lossspectroscopy is a promising technique for nanoscale spatial mapping of thechemical composition of biological materials.

A New Path to Nanoscale Cellular Analysis with Monochromated Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy