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The evolution of the metal content of the universe can be tracked throughrest-frame UV spectroscopy of damped Ly-$\alpha$ systems (DLAs). Gas-phaseabundances in DLAs must be corrected for dust depletion effects, which can beaccomplished by calibrating the relation between abundance ratios such as[Zn/Fe] and depletions (the fraction of metals in gas, as opposed to dust).Using samples of gas-phase abundances and depletions in the Milky Way (MW),LMC, and SMC, we demonstrate that the relation between [Zn/Fe] and otherabundance ratios does not change significantly between these local galaxies andDLAs, indicating that [Zn/Fe] should trace depletions of heavy elements inthose systems. The availability of photospheric abundances in young massivestars, a proxy for the total (gas+dust) metallicity of neutral gas, in the MWLMC, and SMC allows us to calibrate the relation between [Zn/Fe] and depletionsin these nearby galaxies. We apply the local calibrations of depletions to DLAsystems. We find that the fraction of metals in dust, the dust-to-gas-ratio,and total abundances are 2-5 times lower than inferred from previous depletioncalibrations based on MW measurements and a different formalism. However, thetrend of dust abundance vs. metallicity remains only slightly sub-linear forall existing depletion calibrations, contrary to what is inferred from FIR, 21cm, and CO emission in nearby galaxies and predicted by chemical evolutionmodels. Observational constraints on the FIR dust opacity and depletions atmetallicities lower than 20\% solar will be needed to resolve this tension.

METAL: The Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the Large  Magellanic Cloud Hubble program. IV. Calibration of Dust Depletions vs  Abundance Ratios in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds and Application to  Damped Lyman-alpha Systems