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Social media deliberations allow to explore refugee-related is-sues. AI-basedstudies have investigated refugee issues mostly around a specific event andconsidered unimodal approaches. Contrarily, we have employed a multimodalarchitecture for probing the refugee journeys from their home to host nations.We draw insights from Arnold van Gennep's anthropological work 'Les Rites dePassage', which systematically analyzed an individual's transition from onegroup or society to another. Based on Gennep'sseparation-transition-incorporation framework, we have identified four phasesof refugee journeys: Arrival of Refugees, Temporal stay at Asylums,Rehabilitation, and Integration of Refugees into the host nation. We collected0.23 million multimodal tweets from April 2020 to March 2021 for testing thisproposed frame-work. We find that a combination of transformer-based languagemodels and state-of-the-art image recognition models, such as fusion ofBERT+LSTM and InceptionV4, can out-perform unimodal models. Subsequently, totest the practical implication of our proposed model in real-time, we haveconsidered 0.01 million multimodal tweets related to the 2022 Ukrainian refugeecrisis. An F1-score of 71.88 % for this 2022 crisis confirms thegeneralizability of our proposed framework.

Rites de Passage: Elucidating Displacement to Emplacement of Refugees on Twitter