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Delivering low-carbon heat will require the substitution of natural gas withlow-carbon alternatives such as electricity and hydrogen. The objective of thispaper is to develop a method to soft-link two advanced, investment-optimisingenergy system models, RTN (Resource-Technology Network) and WeSIM(Whole-electricity System Investment Model), in order to assess cost-efficientheat decarbonisation pathways for the UK while utilising the respectivestrengths of the two models. The linking procedure included passing on hourlyelectricity prices from WeSIM as input to RTN, and returning capacities andlocations of hydrogen generation and shares of electricity and hydrogen in heatsupply from RTN to WeSIM. The outputs demonstrate that soft-linking can improvethe quality of the solution, while providing useful insights into thecost-efficient pathways for zero-carbon heating. Quantitative results point tothe cost-effectiveness of using a mix of electricity and hydrogen technologiesfor delivering zero-carbon heat, also demonstrating a high level of interactionbetween electricity and hydrogen infrastructure in a zero-carbon system.Hydrogen from gas reforming with carbon capture and storage can play asignificant role in the medium term, while remaining a cost-efficient optionfor supplying peak heat demand in the longer term, with the bulk of heat demandbeing supplied by electric heat pumps.

Multi-model assessment of heat decarbonisation options in the UK using electricity and hydrogen