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The Hunga-Tonga volcano eruption at 04:14:45 UT on 15 January 2022 producedvarious waves propagating globally, disturbing the background atmosphere andionosphere. Coinciding with the arrival of perturbation waves, severalequatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were consecutively generated at post-sunsethours over the East/Southeast Asian region, with the largest extension tomiddle latitudes. These EPBs caused intense L-band amplitude scintillations atmiddle-to-low latitudes, with signal fading depths up to ~16 dB. Consideringthe very rare occurrence of EPBs during this season in East/Southeast Asiansector and the significantly modulated background ionosphere, we believe thatthe perturbation waves launched by the volcano eruption triggered thegeneration of unseasonal super EPBs. The ionospheric perturbations linked withthe 2022 Tonga volcano eruption propagated coincidently through theEast/Southeast Asia longitude sector near sunset, modulated the equatorial Fregion bottomside plasma density and acted as the seeding source for thegeneration of unseasonal super bubbles. Our results implicate that volcanoeruption could indirectly affect the satellite communication links in theregion more than ten thousand kilometers away.

Unseasonal super ionospheric plasma bubble and scintillations seeded by the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption related perturbations