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Two of the most fundamental problems at the nexus of Einstein's classicalGeneral Relativity (GR) and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) are: (1) completegravitational collapse, presumed in classical GR to lead to a Black Hole (BH)horizon and interior singularity, which generate a number of paradoxes forquantum theory; and (2) the origin and magnitude of the cosmological darkenergy driving the accelerated expansion of the Universe.  In this Snowmass white paper it is proposed that these twin puzzles ondisparate scales are related, and that their resolution depends upon takingfull account of the conformal anomaly of quantum matter in gravitationalfields. The topological term in the anomaly leads naturally to the introductionof an abelian $3$-form gauge field, whose field strength can account for avariable gravitational condensate with the vacuum dark energy equation of state$p=-\rho$, the magnitude of which depends upon macroscopic boundary conditionsrather than ultraviolet cutoffs. The resulting Effective Field Theory (EFT) oflow energy quantum gravity results in a non-singular `BH' interior and physicalsurface replacing the classical event horizon, which is a gravitationalcondensate star free of any information paradox. The development andpredictions of this EFT can be tested by gravitational waves and observationalcosmology in the coming decade.

Beyond Einstein's Horizon: Gravitational Condensates and Black Hole Interiors in the Effective Theory of Gravity