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Hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are becomingincreasingly prevalent in cloud computing, forming the basis for confidentialcomputing. However, the security goals of TEEs sometimes conflict with existingcloud functionality, such as VM or process migration, because TEE memory cannotbe read by the hypervisor, OS, or other software on the platform. Whilst somenewer TEE architectures support migration of entire protected VMs, there iscurrently no practical solution for migrating individual processes containingin-process TEEs. The inability to migrate such processes leads to operationalinefficiencies or even data loss if the host platform must be urgentlyrestarted.  We present CTR, a software-only design to retrofit migration functionalityinto existing TEE architectures, whilst maintaining their expected securityguarantees. Our design allows TEEs to be interrupted and migrated at arbitrarypoints in their execution, thus maintaining compatibility with existing VM andprocess migration techniques. By cooperatively involving the TEE in themigration process, our design also allows application developers to specifystateful migration-related policies, such as limiting the number of times aparticular TEE may be migrated. Our prototype implementation for Intel SGXdemonstrates that migration latency increases linearly with the size of the TEEmemory and is dominated by TEE system operations.

CTR: Checkpoint, Transfer, and Restore for Secure Enclaves