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We uncover the existence of a universal phenomenon concerning theelectromagnetic optical force exerted by light or other electromagnetic waveson a distribution of charges and currents in general, and of particles inparticular. This conveys the appearence of underlying reactive quantities thathinder radiation pressure and currently observed time-averaged forces. Thisconstitutes a novel paradigm of the mechanical efficiency of light on matter,and completes the landscape of the electromagnetic force in classicalelectrodynamics; widening our understanding in the design of both illuminationand particles in optical manipulation without the need of increasing theilluminating power, and thus lowering dissipation and heating. We show thatthis may be accomplished through the minimization of what we establish as thereactive strength of canonical (i.e. orbital) momentum, which plays against theoptical force a role analogous to that of the reactive power versus theradiation efficiency of an antenna. This long time overlooked quantity,important for current progress of optical manipulation, and that stems from thecomplex Maxwell theorem of conservation of complex momentum that we putforward, as well as its alternating flow associated to the imaginary part ofthe complex Maxwell stress tensor, conform the imaginary Lorentz force that weintroduce in this work, and that like the reactive strength of orbitalmomentum, is antagonic to the well-known time-averaged force; thus making thisreactive Lorentz force indirectly observable near wavelengths at which thetime-averaged force is lowered.

The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor  and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying  electromagnetic and optical forces