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Porosity is one of the key properties of dense particle packings likesediment deposits and is influenced by a multitude of grain characteristicssuch as their size distribution and shape. In the present work, we focus on theform, a specific aspect of the overall shape, of sedimentary grains in order toinvestigate and quantify its effect on porosity, ultimately deriving novelporosity-prediction models. To this end, we develop a robust and accuratesimulation tool based on the discrete element method which we validate againstlaboratory experiments. Utilizing digital representations of actual sedimentfrom the Rhine river, we first study packings that are composed of particleswith a single form. There, the porosity is found to be mainly determined by theinverse equancy, i.e., the ratio of the longest to the smallest form-definingaxis. Only for small ratios, additional shape-related properties becomerelevant, as revealed by a direct comparison to packings of form-equivalentellipsoids. Since sediment naturally features form mixtures, we extend oursimulation tool to study sediment packings with normally-distributed forms. Inagreement with our single form studies, the porosity depends primarily on theinverse of the mean equancy. By supplying additional information about a secondform factor and the standard deviations, we derive an accurate model forporosity prediction. Due to its simplicity, it can be readily applied tosediment packings for which some measurements of flatness and elongation, thetwo most common form factors, are available.

Effect of Sediment Form and Form Distribution on Porosity: A Simulation Study Based on the Discrete Element Method