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Activities such as singing or playing a wind instrument release respiratoryparticles into the air that may contain pathogens and thus pose a risk forinfection transmission. Here we report measurements of the size distribution,number, and volume concentration of exhaled particles from 31 healthy musiciansplaying 20 types of wind instruments using aerosol spectrometry and in-lineholography in a strictly controlled cleanroom environment. We find that playingwind instruments carries a lower risk of airborne disease transmission thanspeaking or singing. We attribute this to the fact that the resonators of windinstruments act as filters for particles >10 $\mu$m in diameter. We have alsomeasured the size-dependent filtering properties of different types of filtersthat can be used as instrument masks. Based on these measurements, wecalculated the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in different near-and far-field scenarios with and without masking and/or distancing. We concludethat in all cases where there is a possibility that the musician is infectious,the only safe measure to prevent airborne transmission of the disease is theuse of well-fitting and well-filtering masks for the instrument and thesusceptible person.

Experimental measurement of respiratory particles dispersed by wind instruments and analysis of the associated risk of infection transmission