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Muons are puzzling physicists since their discovery when they were firstthought to be the meson predicted by Yukawa to mediate the strong force. Therecent results at Fermilab on the muon g-2 anomaly puts the muonic sector oncemore under the spotlight and calls for new measurements with this fascinatingparticle. Here we present the results of the first measurement of the$2S_{1/2},F$=$0 \rightarrow 2P_{1/2},F$=$1$ transition in Muonium, thehydrogen-like bound state of a positive muon and an electron. The measuredvalue of 580.6 $\pm$6.8 MHz is in agreement with the theoretical calculations.From this measurement a value of the Lamb shift of 1045.5 $\pm$6.8 MHz isextracted, compatible with previous experiments. We also determine for thefirst time the $2S$ hyperfine splitting in Muonium to be 559.6$\pm$7.2 MHz. Themeasured transition being isolated from the other hyperfine levels holds thepromise to provide an improved determination of the Muonium Lamb shift at alevel where bound state QED recoil corrections not accessible in hydrogen couldbe tested. Such a measurement will also be sensitive to new physics in themuonic sector, e.g. to new bosons which might provide an explanation of the g-2muon anomaly or Lorentz and CPT violation. We also present the firstobservation of Muonium in the $n = 3$ excited state opening up the possibilityof new precise microwave measurements as realized in hydrogen.

Measurement of the $2S_{1/2},F$=$0 \rightarrow 2P_{1/2},F$=$1$ transition in Muonium