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Electronic nematicity is the spontaneous loss of rotational symmetry in ametal, without breaking translational symmetry. In the cuprate superconductors,there is experimental evidence for nematicity, but its origin remains unclear.Here we investigate the onset of nematicity in the transport of charge by meansof electric and thermoelectric measurements in underdoped YBa$_{\rm 2}$Cu$_{\rm3}$O$_{\rm y}$, performed by passing the current (electrical or thermal) firstalong the $a$ axis then the $b$ axis of the orthorhombic structure in the samecrystal, with a hole doping $p = 0.12$. Upon cooling, we observe no additionalin-plane anisotropy -- beyond the background anisotropy due to the CuO chains-- in either the resistivity $\rho$ or the Seebeck coefficient $S$ as thetemperature $T^{\star}$~for the onset of the pseudogap phase is crossed. Weconclude that the pseudogap phase of cuprates is not nematic. However, attemperatures much lower than $T^{\star}$, a strong additional anisotropy isobserved, most clearly in the Peltier coefficient $\alpha = S / \rho$. Weinterpret it as nematicity associated with the development of charge order.

No nematicity at the onset temperature of the pseudogap phase in the cuprate superconductor YBCO