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In this article, we investigate the importance of demographic and contactpatterns in determining the spread of COVID-19 and to the effectiveness ofsocial distancing policies. We investigate these questions proposing anaugmented epidemiological model with an age-structured model, with thepopulation divided into susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected and asymptomatic(A), hospitalized (H), infected and symptomatic (I), and recovered individuals(R), to simulate COVID-19 dissemination. The simulations were carried out usingsix combinations of four types of isolation policies (work restrictions,isolation of the elderly, community distancing and school closures) and fourrepresentative fictitious countries generated over alternative demographictransition stage patterns (aged developed, developed, developing and leastdeveloped countries). We concluded that the basic reproduction number dependson the age profile and the contact patterns. The aged developed country had thelowest basic reproduction number ($R0=1.74$) due to the low contact rate amongindividuals, followed by the least developed country ($R0=2.00$), thedeveloping country ($R0=2.43$) and the developed country ($R0=2.64$). Becauseof these differences in the basic reproduction numbers, the same interventionpolicies had higher efficiencies in the aged and least developed countries. Ofall intervention policies, the reduction in work contacts and communitydistancing were the ones which produced the highest decrease in the $R0$ value,prevalence, maximum hospitalization demand and fatality rate. The isolation ofthe elderly was more effective in the developed and aged developed countries.The school closure was the less effective intervention policy, though itseffects were not negligible in the least developed and developing countries.

Mathematical Modeling and Investigation on the Role of Demography and  Contact Patterns in Social Distancing Measures Effectiveness in COVID-19  Dissemination