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As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) significantly increases, theexcessive charging demand of parked EVs in the charging station may incur aninstability problem to the electricity network during peak hours. For thecharging station to take a microgrid (MG) structure, an economical andenergy-efficient power management scheme is required for the power provision ofEVs while considering the local load demand of the MG. For these purposes, thisstudy presents the power management scheme of interdependent MG and EV fleetsaided by a novel EV charg-ing/discharging scheduling algorithm. In thisalgorithm, the maximum amount of discharging power from parked EVs isdetermined based on the difference between local load demand and photovoltaic(PV) power production to alleviate imbalances occurred between them. For thepower management of the MG with charging/discharging scheduling of parked EVsin the PV-based charging station, multi-objective optimization is performed tominimize the operating cost and grid dependency. In addition, the proposedscheme maximizes the utilization of EV charging/discharging while satisfyingthe charging requirements of parked EVs. Moreover, a more economical andenergy-efficient PV-based charging station is established using the futuretrends of local load demand and PV power production predicted by a gatedrecurrent unit (GRU) network. With the proposed EV charging/dischargingscheduling algorithm, the operating cost of PV-based charging station isdecreased by 167.71% and 28.85% compared with the EV charg-ing schedulingalgorithm and the conventional EV charging/discharging scheduling algorithm,respectively. It is obvious that the economical and energy-efficient operationof PV-based charging station can be accomplished by applying the powermanagement scheme with the proposed EV charging/discharging schedulingstrategy.

Development of Charging, Discharging Scheduling Algorithm for Economical and Energy Efficient Operation of Multi EV Charging Station