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Recently reported large values of exciton-polariton nonlinearity oftransition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers coupled to optically resonantstructures approach the values characteristic for GaAs-based systems in theregime of strong light-matter coupling. Contrary to the latter, TMD-basedpolaritonic devices remain operational at ambient conditions and therefore havegreater potential for practical nanophotonic applications. Here we present thestudy of the nonlinear properties of Ta$_2$O$_5$ slab waveguide coupled to aWSe$_2$ monolayer. We first confirm that the hybridization between waveguidephoton mode and a 2D semiconductor exciton resonance gives rise to theformation of exciton-polaritons with Rabi splitting of 36 meV. By measuringtransmission of ultrashort optical pulses through this TMD-based polaritonicwaveguide, we demonstrate for the first time the strong nonlinear dependence ofthe output spectrum on the input pulse energy. Our theoretical model providessemi-quantitative agreement with experiment and gives insights into thedominating microscopic processes which determine the nonlinear pulseself-action: Coulomb inter-particle interaction and scattering to incoherentexcitonic reservoir. We also confirm that at intermediate pump energies thesystem supports quasi-stationary solitonic regime of pulse propagation. Ourresults are essential for the development of nonlinear on-chip polaritonicdevices based of 2D semiconductors.

Nonlinear self-action of ultrashort guided exciton-polariton pulses in dielectric slab coupled to 2D semiconductor