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Plasmodium (P.) falciparum and P. vivax are the two most common causes ofmalaria. While the majority of deaths and severe morbidity are due to P.falciparum, P. vivax poses a greater challenge to eliminating malaria outsideof Africa due to its ability to form latent liver stage parasites(hypnozoites), which can cause relapsing episodes within an individual patient.In areas where P. falciparum and P. vivax are co-endemic, individuals can carryparasites of both species simultaneously. These mixed infections complicatedynamics in several ways; treatment of mixed infections will simultaneouslyaffect both species, P. falciparum can mask the detection of P. vivax, and ithas been hypothesised that clearing P. falciparum may trigger a relapse ofdormant P. vivax. When mixed infections are treated for only blood-stageparasites, patients are at risk of relapse infections due to P. vivaxhypnozoites.  We present a stochastic mathematical model that captures interactions betweenP. falciparum and P. vivax, and incorporates both standard schizontocidaltreatment (which targets blood-stage parasites) and radical treatment (whichadditionally targets liver-stage parasites). We apply this model to assess theimplications of different treatment coverage of radical cure for mixed and P.vivax infections and a so-called "unified radical cure" treatment strategy forP. falciparum, P. vivax and mixed infections. We find that a unified radicalcure strategy, with G6PD screening, leads to a substantially lower incidence ofmalaria cases and deaths overall. We perform a one-way sensitivity analysis tohighlight important model parameters.

A model for malaria treatment evaluation in the presence of multiple species