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The hallmark of topological insulators is the scatter-free propagation ofwaves in topologically protected edge channels. This transport is strictlychiral on the outer edge of the medium, and therefore capable of bypassingsharp corners and imperfections, even in the presence of substantial disorder.In photonics, two-dimensional topological edge states have been demonstrated onseveral different platforms, and are emerging as a promising tool for robustlasers, quantum devices, and other applications. However, three-dimensionalphotonic topological insulators, specifically those supporting topologicallyprotected edge states in all 3D, have thus far remained out of experimentalreach. Here, we demonstrate a three-dimensional photonic topological insulatorwith protected topological edge states. The topological protection is enabledby a screw dislocation. For this purpose, we utilize the concept of syntheticdimensions in a 2D photonic waveguide array by introducing an additional modaldimension to transform the system into a 3D photonic topological insulator. Thelattice dislocation endows the system with edge states propagating alongthree-dimensional trajectories, with topological protection akin to strongphotonic topological insulators. Our work paves the way for utilizingthree-dimensional topology in photonic science and technology.

Three-dimensional photonic topological insulator induced by lattice dislocations